The concept of 'environmental determinism' has long been debated in geography. Early proponents argued that human activities and social development are largely shaped by climatic and geographical conditions. However, this view has been criticized for oversimplifying the complex interplay between nature and culture. Contemporary scholars emphasize that while the environment imposes certain constraints, human innovation and technological advancement can mitigate or even overcome these limitations. For instance, arid regions have been transformed into agricultural hubs through irrigation techniques, demonstrating human agency. Yet, critics caution that such transformations often lead to ecological degradation, suggesting that the relationship remains bidirectional and fraught with unintended consequences.
❓ Tác giả đưa ra quan điểm chính nào về thuyết quyết định môi trường?
A. A) Nó giải thích chính xác toàn bộ sự phát triển của xã hội loài người.
B. B) Đây là một quan điểm đơn giản hóa, bỏ qua khả năng thích nghi của con người.
C. C) Nó đã hoàn toàn bị bác bỏ bởi nghiên cứu hiện đại.
D. D) Nó chỉ áp dụng cho các vùng khô hạn.
✅ 正确答案
B) It is a simplistic view that ignores human ability to adapt.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first