The concept of 'environmental determinism' has long been debated in geography. Early proponents argued that human activities and social development are largely shaped by climatic and geographical conditions. However, this view has been criticized for oversimplifying the complex interplay between nature and culture. Contemporary scholars emphasize that while the environment imposes certain constraints, human innovation and technological advancement can mitigate or even overcome these limitations. For instance, arid regions have been transformed into agricultural hubs through irrigation techniques, demonstrating human agency. Yet, critics caution that such transformations often lead to ecological degradation, suggesting that the relationship remains bidirectional and fraught with unintended consequences.
❓ ¿Cuál es el punto principal que el autor plantea sobre el determinismo ambiental?
A. A) Explica con precisión todo el desarrollo de la sociedad humana.
B. B) Es una visión simplista que ignora la capacidad humana de adaptación.
C. C) Ha sido completamente refutado por la investigación moderna.
D. D) Solo se aplica a regiones áridas.
✅ 正确答案
B) It is a simplistic view that ignores human ability to adapt.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
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