The concept of 'environmental determinism' has long been debated in geography. Early proponents argued that climate and terrain directly shape human behavior and societal development. However, contemporary scholars reject this simplistic causality, noting that technological innovation and cultural adaptation often mitigate environmental constraints. For instance, arid regions like the Middle East have thrived through advanced irrigation techniques, while temperate zones have faced famines due to political mismanagement. Thus, while environment influences options, it does not dictate outcomes. This nuanced view emphasizes the interplay between natural forces and human agency, suggesting that resilience and ingenuity are as critical as geography in determining societal trajectories.
❓ 現代の学者たちは、環境決定論に関してどのような主要な論点を提示しているのか。
A. 環境は社会の成功を決定する唯一の要因である。
B. B) 人間の革新性と文化は、環境上の制約を克服することができる。
C. C) 気候変動により、環境決定論は無意味になった。
D. D) 政治的要因は地理的要因ほど重要ではない。
✅ 正确答案
B) Human innovation and culture can override environmental limitations.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
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