The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational contexts, instructional design aims to manage this load to optimize learning. According to cognitive load theory, learning is hampered when the working memory is overloaded with extraneous information that does not contribute to schema acquisition. However, intrinsic load, which is inherent to the complexity of the material, cannot be reduced without simplifying the content itself. Effective instructional methods, such as worked examples and split-attention formats, are designed to reduce extraneous load, thereby freeing resources for the processing of intrinsic load and the construction of mental schemas. This theory has significant implications for the design of multimedia learning environments, where the integration of visual and auditory information must be carefully structured to avoid overwhelming the learner.
❓ Согласно тексту, какова основная цель таких методов обучения, как проработанные примеры?
A. Чтобы повысить внутреннюю когнитивную нагрузку учебного материала
B. Чтобы снизить постороннюю когнитивную нагрузку и способствовать формированию схем.
C. Чтобы упростить содержание, убрав всю сложную информацию.
D. Чтобы устранить необходимость в рабочей памяти при обучении
✅ 正确答案
To reduce extraneous cognitive load and facilitate schema construction
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first