The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational contexts, instructional design aims to manage this load to optimize learning. According to cognitive load theory, learning is hampered when the working memory is overloaded with extraneous information that does not contribute to schema acquisition. However, intrinsic load, which is inherent to the complexity of the material, cannot be reduced without simplifying the content itself. Effective instructional methods, such as worked examples and split-attention formats, are designed to reduce extraneous load, thereby freeing resources for the processing of intrinsic load and the construction of mental schemas. This theory has significant implications for the design of multimedia learning environments, where the integration of visual and auditory information must be carefully structured to avoid overwhelming the learner.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 작업 예시와 같은 교수 방법의 주요 목적은 무엇인가?
A. 학습 자료의 내재적 부하를 증가시키기 위해
B. 불필요한 인지 부하를 줄이고 스키마 구축을 촉진하기 위해
C. 내용을 단순화하여 모든 복잡한 정보를 제거하다
D. 학습에서 작업 기억의 필요성을 없애기 위해
✅ 正确答案
To reduce extraneous cognitive load and facilitate schema construction
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first