The concept of 'environmental determinism' has long been debated in geography. Early proponents argued that human behavior and societal development were largely shaped by climatic conditions and geographical features. However, this perspective was criticized for oversimplifying complex cultural interactions and for potentially justifying colonial expansion. Modern scholarship emphasizes a more nuanced view, recognizing that while environment can influence certain aspects of life, human agency and technological innovation play crucial roles in adapting to and modifying natural surroundings. This shift reflects a broader trend in social sciences toward understanding the dynamic relationship between nature and culture, rather than positing a unidirectional cause-and-effect relationship.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 초기 환경 결정론에 대한 주요 비판은 무엇인가?
A. A) 기후의 역할을 전적으로 무시했다.
B. B) 그것은 인간의 창의성을 지나치게 강조했다.
C. C) 그것은 문화적 상호작용을 단순화했고 식민주의를 지지할 수 있었다.
D. D) 그것은 오직 기술적 발전에만 초점을 맞추었다.
✅ 正确答案
C) It simplified cultural interactions and could support colonialism.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first