Recent studies in cognitive psychology have challenged the traditional view that human memory operates as a passive recording device. Instead, researchers now propose that memory is a constructive process, wherein each act of recall involves rebuilding the past through the lens of present knowledge, beliefs, and expectations. This reconstructive nature explains why two witnesses to the same event often provide conflicting accounts, as their memories are filtered through distinct personal schemas. Furthermore, emotional arousal can enhance the vividness of certain details while impairing the accuracy of peripheral information, a phenomenon known as tunnel memory. These findings have significant implications for legal proceedings, where eyewitness testimony is often treated as reliable evidence. Understanding the malleability of memory urges caution in relying solely on subjective recollection, suggesting that corroborative evidence is essential for establishing factual accuracy.
❓ この文章の主な考えは何ですか？
A. 記憶は過去の出来事の正確な複製であり、個人的な偏見の影響を受けない。
B. 感情の高ぶりは、常に記憶されたすべての詳細の正確さを向上させる。
C. 記憶は、現在の知識や感情に影響される再構成的なプロセスであり、これは法的な場面で目撃証言に依存することに課題を突きつける。
D. 法廷において、目撃者の証言は一般的に物的証拠よりも信頼性が高い。
✅ 正确答案
Memory is a reconstructive process influenced by current knowledge and emotions, which poses challenges for legal reliance on eyewitness testimony.
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