The concept of 'sustainable development' has evolved significantly since its popularization in the 1987 Brundtland Report. Initially, it emphasized the balance between economic growth and environmental protection for future generations. However, recent scholarly critiques argue that this framework often prioritizes economic metrics over ecological integrity. For instance, the reliance on GDP as a measure of progress fails to account for natural capital depletion. Moreover, the implementation of sustainable policies frequently encounters political resistance due to short-term economic costs. Consequently, some researchers advocate for a paradigm shift towards 'degrowth', which proposes a deliberate reduction in overconsumption to achieve long-term ecological stability. This perspective challenges the conventional assumption that continuous economic expansion is inherently beneficial, suggesting instead that well-being may be decoupled from material growth through social and institutional reforms.
❓ 根据文章，传统可持续发展框架的一个主要批评是什么？
A. A. Это чрезмерно акцентирует внимание на экологической целостности в ущерб экономическому росту.
B. B. Она не учитывает политическую осуществимость в своих политических рекомендациях.
C. C. Он опирается на ВВП как показатель, который игнорирует деградацию окружающей среды.
D. D. Оно отвергает идею потребностей будущих поколений.
✅ 正确答案
C. It relies on GDP as a measure that overlooks environmental degradation.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first