雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of 'ecological resilience' has gained prominence in environmental science, referring to an ecosystem's capacity to absorb disturbance and reorganize while undergoing change so as to retain essentially the same function, structure, identity, and feedbacks. Unlike stability, which emphasizes resistance to change and rapid recovery, resilience focuses on the magnitude of disturbance that can be absorbed before the system shifts into an alternative state. This distinction is crucial for conservation strategies: managing for stability may inadvertently reduce resilience by simplifying ecosystem structures, whereas fostering resilience often involves maintaining biodiversity and functional redundancy. Recent studies suggest that resilient ecosystems can better withstand climate-induced stressors, such as drought or invasive species, by enabling adaptive responses across multiple scales. Consequently, policymakers are increasingly urged to prioritize resilience-based approaches over traditional preservationist models, which assume static equilibrium in natural systems.