The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional designers often aim to manage cognitive load to optimize learning. According to Sweller's cognitive load theory, learning is hindered when the intrinsic load (complexity of the material) and extraneous load (how the material is presented) exceed the learner's working memory capacity. However, recent studies suggest that a moderate level of germane load, which involves the mental resources devoted to processing and understanding the material, is beneficial. This has led to a shift from purely reducing cognitive load to strategically balancing it, especially in multimedia learning environments where visual and auditory information compete for attention.
❓ 文章によると、教育における認知負荷へのアプローチにおける主な変化は何ですか？
A. A. 認知負荷を減らすことに焦点を当てることから、異なる種類の負荷を戦略的にバランスさせることへ。
B. B. マルチメディア学習における認知的負荷を無視することから、それを完全に排除することへ。
C. C. 全科目において、関連負荷を増加させることから内因性負荷を減少させることへ。
D. D. 視覚教材のみを使用することから、聴覚情報のみに依存することへ。
✅ 正确答案
A. From focusing on reducing cognitive load to strategically balancing different types of load.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first