雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of 'environmental resilience' has gained traction in ecological studies, referring to an ecosystem's capacity to absorb disturbances while maintaining its fundamental structure and functions. Recent research suggests that resilience is not a static property but a dynamic process influenced by biodiversity, nutrient cycling, and external stressors such as climate change. For instance, coral reefs with higher species diversity exhibit greater recovery rates after bleaching events, as different species fulfill complementary roles in reef regeneration. However, human activities, including overfishing and pollution, can erode this resilience by simplifying food webs and reducing genetic variability. Consequently, conservation strategies now emphasize protecting not just individual species but the interactions and feedback loops that sustain ecosystem stability over time. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for predicting long-term ecological outcomes in an era of rapid environmental change.