The concept of 'environmental determinism' has long been debated in geography. Early proponents argued that climate and topography directly shape human behavior and societal development. However, modern scholars reject this simplistic causality, noting that technological innovation and cultural exchange often enable societies to overcome environmental constraints. For instance, the Netherlands, despite its low-lying geography, has thrived through advanced water management systems. Conversely, resource-rich regions like the Congo Basin have faced developmental challenges due to political instability rather than environmental factors. This shift reflects a broader trend in social sciences toward recognizing human agency and complex socio-economic interactions over unilateral environmental influence.
❓ 本文によると、現代の学者が環境決定論を拒否する主な理由は何か。
A. A. 技術的要因と文化的要因は、環境的な制約を緩和することができる。
B. B. オランダは地理的制約に対する反例である。
C. C. 開発において、環境よりも政治的不安定性の方が重要である。
D. D. 資源が豊富な地域は常に開発上の課題に直面している。
✅ 正确答案
A. Technological and cultural factors can mitigate environmental limitations.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
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