The concept of 'environmental determinism' has long been debated in geography. Early proponents argued that climate and topography directly shape human behavior and societal development. However, modern scholars reject this simplistic causality, noting that technological innovation and cultural exchange often enable societies to overcome environmental constraints. For instance, the Netherlands, despite its low-lying geography, has thrived through advanced water management systems. Conversely, resource-rich regions like the Congo Basin have faced developmental challenges due to political instability rather than environmental factors. This shift reflects a broader trend in social sciences toward recognizing human agency and complex socio-economic interactions over unilateral environmental influence.
❓ 根据文章所述，现代学者拒绝环境决定论的主要原因是什么？
A. A. 技术与文化因素能够缓解环境限制。
B. B. 荷兰是地理限制的一个反例。
C. C. 在发展中，政治不稳定比环境更为重要。
D. D. 资源丰富的地区总是面临发展挑战。
✅ 正确答案
A. Technological and cultural factors can mitigate environmental limitations.