The concept of 'planned obsolescence' has long been a cornerstone of consumer electronics manufacturing, yet its environmental implications are increasingly under scrutiny. Proponents argue that iterative product cycles drive innovation and economic growth, as each new release stimulates demand and creates jobs. However, critics contend that this model fosters a 'throwaway culture', leading to staggering levels of e-waste and depletion of rare earth metals. Recent studies suggest that extending product lifespans through modular design and repairability standards could reduce carbon footprints by up to 30%. Despite this, manufacturers often resist such changes, citing higher upfront costs and consumer preference for cutting-edge features. The tension between commercial viability and ecological sustainability thus remains unresolved, prompting policymakers to consider legislation that mandates minimum durability standards and right-to-repair laws, which would fundamentally reshape the industry's operating paradigm.
❓ Согласно тексту, какова основная причина, по которой производители сопротивляются продлению срока службы продукции?
A. A. Потребители не заинтересованы в ремонтопригодных товарах.
B. B. Модульная конструкция технически невозможна для большинства электронных устройств.
C. C. Они опасаются роста производственных затрат и считают, что потребители хотят новых функций.
D. D. Действующие экологические нормы запрещают такие изменения.
✅ 正确答案
C. They fear increased production costs and believe consumers want new features.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first