The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational psychology, it is often discussed in relation to instructional design, as high cognitive load can impede learning. Researchers distinguish between intrinsic load, which is inherent to the complexity of the material, and extraneous load, which is generated by the way information is presented. Effective teaching strategies aim to minimize extraneous load while managing intrinsic load appropriately. For instance, integrating diagrams with text can reduce extraneous load by helping learners process information more efficiently. However, studies show that presenting redundant information across multiple modalities may actually increase cognitive load, contrary to popular belief. Thus, understanding the nuanced effects of instructional formats is crucial for optimizing learning outcomes.
❓ According to the passage, what is a common misconception about presenting information in multiple modalities?
A. A) It always reduces cognitive load.
B. B) It increases intrinsic load.
C. C) It is ineffective for complex material.
D. D) It should be avoided in all instructional settings.
✅ 正确答案
A) It always reduces cognitive load.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first