The concept of 'environmental justice' has evolved significantly since its inception in the 1980s, when it was primarily associated with the disproportionate exposure of minority and low-income communities to environmental hazards. Initially, research focused on documenting these inequities, such as the siting of toxic waste facilities. However, contemporary scholarship has expanded the framework to include broader issues of climate change vulnerability, access to green spaces, and the unequal distribution of environmental benefits. This shift reflects a recognition that environmental risks and resources are not merely technical or ecological matters but are deeply intertwined with social, economic, and political structures. Consequently, policy interventions have moved from a narrow focus on remediation to proactive strategies that aim to integrate equity considerations into urban planning and resource management, thereby addressing the root causes of environmental disparities rather than just their symptoms.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 환경 정의의 범위는 시간이 지남에 따라 어떻게 변화해 왔는가?
A. A) 그것은 유해 폐기물 처리장 선정 문제를 다루는 것에서 기후 변화 적응에만 초점을 맞추는 것으로 전환되었다.
B. B) 이는 위험에 대한 불평등한 노출에 대한 우려에서 출발하여, 취약성과 환경적 혜택에 대한 접근성이라는 더 넓은 문제들을 포함하도록 확장되었다.
C. C) 사회적 형평성에 대한 관심이 줄어들고, 기술적 해결책에 더 중점을 두게 되었다.
D. D) 소수 집단에 초점을 좁혀 저소득층을 배제했다.
✅ 正确答案
B) It has expanded from concerns about unequal exposure to hazards to include broader issues of vulnerability and access to environmental benefits.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first