The concept of sustainable development has evolved significantly since its popularization in the 1987 Brundtland Report. Initially, it focused primarily on balancing economic growth with environmental protection. However, contemporary scholarship emphasizes a more holistic approach, integrating social equity and intergenerational justice. Critics argue that early frameworks were too anthropocentric, prioritizing human needs over ecological integrity. Recent studies advocate for a 'strong sustainability' model, which posits that natural capital and manufactured capital are not interchangeable. This perspective asserts that certain ecosystem services, such as biodiversity and climate regulation, have no technological substitutes and must be preserved independently. Consequently, policy-making has shifted from mere mitigation of environmental damage to proactive restoration and resilience-building. Yet, implementation remains challenging due to conflicting economic interests and varying national priorities, highlighting the need for global governance reforms.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 지속 가능한 발전에 대한 초기 관점과 현대 관점 사이의 주요 차이점은 무엇인가?
A. A. 초기 관점은 경제 성장을 무시했지만, 현대 관점은 이를 우선시한다.
B. B. 현대적 관점은 초기 관점과 달리 사회적 형평성과 세대 간 정의를 통합한다.
C. C. 초기 견해는 '강한 지속가능성'에 기반을 두었으나, 현대의 견해는 이를 거부한다.
D. D. 현대의 관점은 오로지 환경 보호에만 초점을 맞추는 반면, 초기의 관점은 그렇지 않았다.
✅ 正确答案
B. Contemporary views integrate social equity and intergenerational justice, unlike early views.
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