The concept of sustainable development has evolved significantly since its popularization in the 1987 Brundtland Report. Initially, it focused primarily on balancing economic growth with environmental protection. However, contemporary scholarship emphasizes a more holistic approach, integrating social equity and intergenerational justice. Critics argue that early frameworks were too anthropocentric, prioritizing human needs over ecological integrity. Recent studies advocate for a 'strong sustainability' model, which posits that natural capital and manufactured capital are not interchangeable. This perspective asserts that certain ecosystem services, such as biodiversity and climate regulation, have no technological substitutes and must be preserved independently. Consequently, policy-making has shifted from mere mitigation of environmental damage to proactive restoration and resilience-building. Yet, implementation remains challenging due to conflicting economic interests and varying national priorities, highlighting the need for global governance reforms.
❓ 文章によると、持続可能な開発に関する初期の見解と現代の見解との間の重要な違いは何か。
A. A. 初期の見解は経済成長を無視していたが、現代の見解はそれを優先している。
B. B. 現代の見解は、初期の見解とは異なり、社会的公平性と世代間正義を統合している。
C. C. 初期の見解は「強い持続可能性」に基づいていたが、現代の見解はそれを否定している。
D. D. 現代の見解は環境保護のみに焦点を当てているが、初期の見解はそうではなかった。
✅ 正确答案
B. Contemporary views integrate social equity and intergenerational justice, unlike early views.
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