The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional design often aims to manage cognitive load to optimize learning. According to cognitive load theory, learning is hindered when the intrinsic load (complexity of the material) and extraneous load (how the material is presented) exceed the learner's working memory capacity. However, a well-structured lesson can reduce extraneous load, allowing learners to focus on schema construction. Recent studies suggest that incorporating multimedia elements, such as diagrams alongside text, can be beneficial only if they are directly relevant to the content, as irrelevant visuals may increase extraneous load and impede comprehension.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 교육 설계에서 인지 부하를 관리하는 주요 목적은 무엇인가?
A. A. 수업에서 제시되는 정보의 양을 늘리기 위해
B. B. 불필요한 인지적 부담을 줄여 학습을 향상시키기 위해
C. C. 교육 자료에서 모든 형태의 시각 자료를 제거하기 위해
D. D. 고급 학습자에게 도전 과제를 제공하기 위해 수업을 더 복잡하게 만들기 위해
✅ 正确答案
B. To enhance learning by reducing unnecessary mental effort
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first