The concept of 'environmental determinism' has long been a subject of debate among geographers. Early proponents argued that human behavior and societal development were largely shaped by climatic and geographical conditions. However, this perspective has been criticized for oversimplifying complex cultural dynamics. Modern research suggests that while environmental factors can influence certain aspects of life, such as agricultural practices or settlement patterns, they do not determine the entirety of human achievement. Instead, a more nuanced approach, known as 'possibilism', posits that the environment offers a range of possibilities, and human ingenuity and cultural choices play a pivotal role in selecting among them. This shift reflects a broader recognition of human agency in shaping societies, even in challenging ecological contexts.
❓ 이 글의 주요 아이디어는 무엇인가?
A. 환경 결정론은 지리학에서 가장 정확한 이론이다.
B. 현대 지리학은 환경이 인간 사회에 미치는 어떠한 영향도 거부한다.
C. 환경은 선택지를 제공하지만, 인간의 선택 또한 중요하다.
D. 농업 관행은 오로지 기후에 의해서만 결정된다.
✅ 正确答案
The environment provides options, but human choices are also crucial.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first