The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional designers often aim to manage cognitive load to optimize learning. According to cognitive load theory, learning is hampered when the working memory is overloaded with extraneous information that does not contribute to schema construction. However, intrinsic load, which is the inherent difficulty of the material, cannot be reduced without simplifying the content. A well-designed instructional material should minimize extraneous load while preserving the necessary complexity of the subject matter. Recent studies suggest that the use of multimedia can either enhance or hinder learning, depending on how the visual and auditory channels are integrated, thereby influencing the overall cognitive load experienced by learners.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 학습에서 인지 부하에 관한 다음 설명 중 옳은 것은 무엇인가?
A. 외부 인지 부하를 증가시켜 학습자에게 도전을 제공해야 한다.
B. 내재적 부하는 제시 형식을 변경함으로써 쉽게 줄일 수 있다.
C. 멀티미디어는 항상 인지 부하를 줄이고 학습을 향상시킨다.
D. 효과적인 교수는 불필요한 인지 부하를 줄이면서도 필요한 난이도는 유지해야 한다.
✅ 正确答案
Effective instruction should reduce extraneous load while maintaining necessary difficulty.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first