The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional designers often aim to manage cognitive load to optimize learning. According to cognitive load theory, learning is hampered when the working memory is overloaded with extraneous information that does not contribute to schema construction. However, intrinsic load, which is the inherent difficulty of the material, cannot be reduced without simplifying the content. A well-designed instructional material should minimize extraneous load while preserving the necessary complexity of the subject matter. Recent studies suggest that the use of multimedia can either enhance or hinder learning, depending on how the visual and auditory channels are integrated, thereby influencing the overall cognitive load experienced by learners.
❓ 根据文章内容，关于学习中的认知负荷，以下哪项说法是正确的？
A. 应增加额外负荷以挑战学习者。
B. 内在负荷可以通过改变呈现格式轻松降低。
C. 多媒体总能降低认知负荷并提升学习效果。
D. 有效的教学应当减少无关认知负荷，同时保持必要的学习难度。
✅ 正确答案
Effective instruction should reduce extraneous load while maintaining necessary difficulty.