The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional design aims to manage this load to optimize learning. According to cognitive load theory, learning is hampered when the working memory is overloaded, as it has a limited capacity. However, recent research suggests that the theory's application is not one-size-fits-all. For instance, while reducing extraneous load (irrelevant information) generally benefits novices, it may hinder experts who benefit from more complex tasks that challenge their existing schemas. This nuance highlights the importance of tailoring instructional methods to the learner's level of expertise, rather than applying a universal reductionist approach.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 인지 부하 이론을 획일적으로 적용할 때의 주요 한계는 무엇인가?
A. 학습에서 작업 기억의 역할을 무시한다.
B. 복잡한 과제를 요구하는 전문 학습자에게는 불리할 수 있다.
C. 외부적 인지 부하에만 초점을 맞춘다.
D. 교육 환경에서 효과가 없다는 것이 입증되었습니다.
✅ 正确答案
It may disadvantage expert learners who require complex tasks.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first