The concept of sustainable development has evolved significantly since its introduction in the 1987 Brundtland Report. Initially, it emphasized the balance between economic growth and environmental protection. However, contemporary scholars argue that this dualistic framework overlooks the critical role of social equity. Recent studies suggest that sustainable development cannot be achieved without addressing systemic inequalities, such as access to resources and decision-making power. For instance, marginalized communities often bear the brunt of environmental degradation, yet they are frequently excluded from policy discussions. Therefore, a more holistic approach is necessary, integrating environmental, economic, and social dimensions into a cohesive framework. This shift reflects a growing recognition that sustainability is not merely an ecological or economic issue, but a fundamentally political one, requiring inclusive governance and redistributive justice.
❓ Según el pasaje, ¿cuál es la principal crítica al concepto original de desarrollo sostenible?
A. A. Se centró demasiado en el crecimiento económico a expensas del medio ambiente.
B. B. No logró incorporar adecuadamente la dimensión de la equidad social.
C. C. Se basaba en datos desactualizados de los años ochenta.
D. D. Ignoró el papel de las organizaciones internacionales en la formulación de políticas.
✅ 正确答案
B. It failed to adequately incorporate the dimension of social equity.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first