The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional design aims to manage this load to optimize learning. According to cognitive load theory, learning is hindered when the intrinsic complexity of the material, combined with the way it is presented, exceeds the learner's cognitive capacity. Extraneous cognitive load, which is caused by poor instructional design, can be reduced by using clear diagrams and eliminating redundant information. However, germane load, which is the effort devoted to processing and understanding the material, is considered beneficial. Therefore, effective teaching strategies should minimize extraneous load while encouraging germane load, allowing learners to focus on constructing schemas. Recent studies have shown that adaptive learning technologies, which adjust content based on learner performance, can significantly reduce extraneous load and enhance learning outcomes.
❓ According to the passage, what is the main goal of effective instructional design?
A. To eliminate all cognitive load for learners
B. To reduce extraneous load while promoting germane load
C. To increase the intrinsic complexity of materials
D. To replace diagrams with textual explanations
✅ 正确答案
To reduce extraneous load while promoting germane load
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first