The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational psychology, it is often divided into three types: intrinsic, extraneous, and germane. Intrinsic load is inherent to the complexity of the material itself, while extraneous load is generated by the way information is presented to the learner. Germane load, on the other hand, is the effort devoted to constructing and automating schemas. Research suggests that instructional design should aim to reduce extraneous load, but not necessarily intrinsic load, as the latter is tied to the difficulty of the subject matter. However, overly complex presentations can overwhelm learners, hindering schema acquisition. Thus, effective teaching materials should be structured to manage all three types of load, optimizing the learner's capacity for understanding.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 다음 중 옳은 것은?
A. A) 외재적 부하는 자료의 본질적 난이도와 직접적으로 관련이 있다.
B. B) 내재적 부하는 모든 교수 설계에서 최소화되어야 한다.
C. C) 독일적 부하는 정신적 프레임워크 형성에 기여한다.
D. D) 외부 부하를 줄이는 것은 항상 학습 성과를 향상시킨다.
✅ 正确答案
C) Germane load contributes to the formation of mental frameworks.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first