The concept of 'environmental footprint' has evolved significantly since its introduction in the 1990s. Initially, it focused solely on carbon emissions, but contemporary models incorporate water usage, land degradation, and biodiversity loss. This holistic approach, while more accurate, poses challenges for policymakers who must balance complex trade-offs. For instance, reducing carbon emissions through biofuel production may inadvertently increase water consumption and habitat destruction. Recent studies suggest that a multi-criteria assessment framework, which weights environmental impacts based on local ecological conditions, offers a more sustainable path forward. However, such frameworks require robust data and interdisciplinary cooperation, which are often lacking in developing regions. Consequently, the effectiveness of environmental policies hinges not only on scientific rigor but also on institutional capacity and global equity considerations.
❓ Theo đoạn văn, thách thức lớn trong việc áp dụng các mô hình dấu chân môi trường hiện đại là gì?
A. A. Chúng quá đơn giản và bỏ qua lượng khí thải carbon.
B. B. Chúng đòi hỏi phải cân bằng các tác động môi trường xung đột lẫn nhau.
C. C. Chúng chỉ áp dụng ở các nước phát triển.
D. D. Họ ưu tiên đa dạng sinh học hơn việc sử dụng nước.
✅ 正确答案
B. They require balancing conflicting environmental impacts.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
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Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
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