The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional designers often aim to manage cognitive load to optimize learning. According to Sweller's cognitive load theory, learning is hindered when the intrinsic load (complexity of the material) and extraneous load (how the material is presented) exceed the learner's capacity. For instance, a poorly designed diagram may increase extraneous load, distracting the learner from essential information. Conversely, effective instructional methods can reduce extraneous load, allowing more working memory resources for schema construction. Recent studies suggest that adaptive learning technologies, which tailor content to individual learner's prior knowledge, can further reduce unnecessary cognitive load by presenting information at an appropriate difficulty level. This approach has shown promise in improving retention and problem-solving skills across various disciplines.
❓ Theo đoạn văn, lợi ích chính của công nghệ học tập thích ứng là gì?
A. Chúng loại bỏ mọi hình thức tải nhận thức.
B. Chúng giảm tải ngoại lai bằng cách điều chỉnh nội dung phù hợp với trình độ của người học.
C. Chúng làm tăng tải trọng nội tại để thử thách người học.
D. Chúng thay thế nhu cầu thiết kế giảng dạy.
✅ 正确答案
They reduce extraneous load by adjusting content to the learner's level.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first