The concept of cognitive load, first articulated by Sweller in the 1980s, refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, high cognitive load can impede learning, particularly when instructional materials are poorly designed. However, recent research suggests that not all cognitive load is detrimental. Intrinsic load, which is inherent to the complexity of the subject matter, cannot be altered. In contrast, extraneous load, generated by the way information is presented, can be minimized through effective instructional design. By reducing extraneous load, educators free up cognitive resources for germane load, which facilitates the processing and construction of schemas. Thus, the goal of instructional designers is not merely to reduce overall load, but to optimize the allocation of cognitive resources to enhance deeper learning.
❓ Согласно тексту, какова основная цель разработчиков учебных материалов?
A. Чтобы устранить все формы когнитивной нагрузки во время обучения
B. Чтобы снизить внутреннюю когнитивную нагрузку путем упрощения учебного материала.
C. Для управления когнитивной нагрузкой, чтобы ресурсы использовались для эффективного построения схем.
D. Чтобы увеличить внешнюю нагрузку для вызова продвинутым учащимся
✅ 正确答案
To manage cognitive load so that resources are used for effective schema construction
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first