The concept of 'affordance,' introduced by psychologist James J. Gibson, refers to the actionable properties between an organism and its environment. Unlike traditional views that separate perception from action, Gibson argued that organisms directly perceive what an environment offers for behavior. For instance, a flat, rigid surface affords walking, while a body of water affords swimming. This theory challenged the computational models of perception prevalent in cognitive science, which posited that the brain constructs reality through complex internal representations. Instead, Gibson emphasized the richness of sensory information available in the environment, suggesting that perception is a direct, unmediated process. Subsequent research in human-computer interaction has adopted affordances to explain how design elements signal their possible uses, yet critics contend that Gibson's ecological approach underestimates the role of learning and cultural context in shaping perceived affordances.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 깁슨의 어포던스 이론과 전통적인 계산적 지각 모델 사이의 핵심 차이점은 무엇인가?
A. 깁슨은 지각이 내부 표상을 필요로 한다고 믿었지만, 계산 모델은 그렇지 않다고 보았다.
B. 깁슨은 지각이 환경 정보에 기반한 직접적인 것이라고 주장한 반면, 계산 모델은 내부적 구성을 강조한다.
C. 깁슨은 문화적 학습에 초점을 맞춘 반면, 계산 모델은 감각 데이터를 무시했다.
D. 깁슨은 물이 수영을 가능하게 한다고 주장했지만, 계산 모델은 그러한 예들을 거부했다.
✅ 正确答案
Gibson argued that perception is direct and based on environmental information, whereas computational models emphasize internal construction.
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