The concept of 'affordance,' introduced by psychologist James J. Gibson, refers to the actionable properties between an organism and its environment. Unlike traditional views that separate perception from action, Gibson argued that organisms directly perceive what an environment offers for behavior. For instance, a flat, rigid surface affords walking, while a body of water affords swimming. This theory challenged the computational models of perception prevalent in cognitive science, which posited that the brain constructs reality through complex internal representations. Instead, Gibson emphasized the richness of sensory information available in the environment, suggesting that perception is a direct, unmediated process. Subsequent research in human-computer interaction has adopted affordances to explain how design elements signal their possible uses, yet critics contend that Gibson's ecological approach underestimates the role of learning and cultural context in shaping perceived affordances.
❓ 根据文章内容，吉布森的“可供性”理论与传统计算感知模型之间的一个关键区别是什么？
A. 吉布森认为感知需要内部表征，而计算模型则不需要。
B. 吉布森认为，知觉是直接的，基于环境信息，而计算模型则强调内部构建。
C. 吉布森关注文化学习，而计算模型则忽视了感官数据。
D. 吉布森声称水提供了游泳的条件，而计算模型则否定了这样的例子。
✅ 正确答案
Gibson argued that perception is direct and based on environmental information, whereas computational models emphasize internal construction.