The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational psychology, cognitive load theory (CLT) suggests that learning is most effective when instructional materials are designed to minimize extraneous cognitive load, thereby freeing resources for intrinsic load and germane load. Intrinsic load is inherent to the complexity of the material itself, while germane load is the effort devoted to constructing and automating schemas. Recent studies have shown that multimedia presentations can either enhance or hinder learning, depending on how they manage these different types of load. For instance, redundant on-screen text accompanying spoken narration often increases extraneous load, leading to poorer retention. Conversely, well-integrated visuals and audio can reduce split-attention effects, promoting deeper understanding. Thus, educators must carefully balance the presentation of information to optimize cognitive processing.
❓ Theo đoạn văn, lý do chính khiến văn bản trên màn hình trùng lặp với lời tường thuật bằng giọng nói có thể làm suy giảm việc học là gì?
A. Nó làm tăng tải trọng nội tại bằng cách làm cho nội dung phức tạp hơn.
B. Nó làm giảm tải trọng liên quan bằng cách cung cấp quá nhiều sự lặp lại.
C. Nó làm tăng tải trọng không liên quan, tiêu tốn các nguồn lực trí nhớ làm việc có hạn.
D. Nó ngăn chặn việc hình thành các lược đồ bằng cách gây nhầm lẫn cho người học.
✅ 正确答案
It raises extraneous load, which consumes limited working memory resources.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first