The concept of sustainable urban development has gained significant traction in recent decades, driven by concerns over climate change and resource depletion. A key principle is the integration of green spaces within city planning, which not only improves air quality but also enhances mental well-being. However, scholars like Beatley (2012) argue that merely adding parks is insufficient; cities must adopt holistic approaches, such as promoting compact design and mixed-use zoning, to reduce car dependency. Furthermore, community participation is critical, as top-down initiatives often fail to address local needs. Critics, though, point out that sustainable measures can increase property values, leading to gentrification and displacement of low-income residents. Thus, achieving true sustainability requires balancing environmental goals with social equity, a challenge that remains unresolved in many urban contexts.
❓ Theo đoạn văn, thách thức lớn trong việc đạt được phát triển đô thị bền vững là gì?
A. A. Sự thiếu hụt không gian xanh trong các thành phố hiện đại.
B. B. Xung đột giữa mục tiêu môi trường và bình đẳng xã hội.
C. C. Khó khăn trong việc giảm mức độ ô nhiễm không khí.
D. D. Sự phản kháng từ cộng đồng địa phương đối với các dự án áp đặt từ trên xuống.
✅ 正确答案
B. The conflict between environmental aims and social equality.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first