The concept of sustainable urban development has gained significant traction in recent decades, driven by concerns over climate change and resource depletion. A key principle is the integration of green spaces within city planning, which not only improves air quality but also enhances mental well-being. However, scholars like Beatley (2012) argue that merely adding parks is insufficient; cities must adopt holistic approaches, such as promoting compact design and mixed-use zoning, to reduce car dependency. Furthermore, community participation is critical, as top-down initiatives often fail to address local needs. Critics, though, point out that sustainable measures can increase property values, leading to gentrification and displacement of low-income residents. Thus, achieving true sustainability requires balancing environmental goals with social equity, a challenge that remains unresolved in many urban contexts.
❓ According to the passage, what is a major challenge in achieving sustainable urban development?
A. A. The lack of green spaces in modern cities.
B. B. The conflict between environmental aims and social equality.
C. C. The difficulty in reducing air pollution levels.
D. D. The resistance from local communities to top-down projects.
✅ 正确答案
B. The conflict between environmental aims and social equality.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first