The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational psychology, cognitive load theory (CLT) suggests that learning is most effective when instructional materials are designed to reduce extraneous cognitive load, thereby freeing resources for the intrinsic load necessary for schema construction. Recent studies have shown that multimedia presentations, while often engaging, can inadvertently increase extraneous load if they include redundant information or poorly integrated visuals. Conversely, well-structured diagrams paired with concise verbal explanations can enhance learning by facilitating the integration of information. However, researchers caution that the optimal level of cognitive load varies among individuals, depending on prior knowledge and task complexity, making it difficult to prescribe universal design guidelines.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 멀티미디어 학습 자료의 효과를 저하시킬 수 있는 핵심 요인은 무엇인가?
A. 흥미롭지만 무관한 시각적 요소의 포함
B. 다이어그램과 함께 간결한 구두 설명을 사용하는 것
C. 개인의 사전 지식 차이
D. 잘 구조화된 다이어그램의 존재
✅ 正确答案
The inclusion of engaging but irrelevant visual elements
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first