The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational psychology, cognitive load theory (CLT) suggests that learning is most effective when instructional materials are designed to reduce extraneous cognitive load, thereby freeing resources for the intrinsic load necessary for schema construction. Recent studies have shown that multimedia presentations, while often engaging, can inadvertently increase extraneous load if they include redundant information or poorly integrated visuals. Conversely, well-structured diagrams paired with concise verbal explanations can enhance learning by facilitating the integration of information. However, researchers caution that the optimal level of cognitive load varies among individuals, depending on prior knowledge and task complexity, making it difficult to prescribe universal design guidelines.
❓ According to the passage, what is a key factor that can undermine the effectiveness of multimedia learning materials?
A. The inclusion of engaging but irrelevant visual elements
B. The use of concise verbal explanations alongside diagrams
C. The variation in individual prior knowledge
D. The presence of well-structured diagrams
✅ 正确答案
The inclusion of engaging but irrelevant visual elements
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first