The concept of 'environmental resilience' has gained significant traction in ecological studies, referring to an ecosystem's capacity to absorb disturbances while maintaining its fundamental structure and functions. Unlike mere resistance, which implies an unchanging state, resilience emphasizes dynamic adaptation. A resilient forest, for instance, may experience a severe wildfire yet recover through natural regeneration, whereas a fragile one might shift permanently to a grassland state. Researchers argue that resilience is not solely a natural attribute; human interventions, such as controlled burns or reforestation, can enhance it. However, critics caution that over-reliance on technological fixes may undermine the intrinsic adaptive processes that have evolved over millennia. This debate highlights a core tension between active management and preservationist ideals, underscoring the need for nuanced policies that balance ecological integrity with societal demands.
❓ Согласно тексту, в чем заключается ключевое различие между экологической устойчивостью и простой сопротивляемостью?
A. Сопротивление сосредоточено на постоянной стабильности, тогда как устойчивость допускает временные изменения.
B. Устойчивость подразумевает адаптивное восстановление после нарушения, тогда как сопротивляемость означает отсутствие изменений.
C. Сопротивление естественно, но устойчивость требует вмешательства человека.
D. Устойчивость применима только к лесам, тогда как сопротивляемость применима ко всем экосистемам.
✅ 正确答案
Resilience involves adaptive recovery after disturbance, whereas resistance implies no change.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
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