The concept of 'sustainable development' has evolved significantly since its popularization in the 1987 Brundtland Report. Initially, it was framed primarily as an environmental concern, focusing on the preservation of natural resources for future generations. However, contemporary scholarship argues that sustainability is a tripartite paradigm, encompassing not only ecological integrity but also economic viability and social equity. This holistic view posits that environmental degradation is often intertwined with issues of poverty and inequality, as marginalized communities disproportionately bear the burden of pollution and resource depletion. Consequently, effective sustainability policies must address these systemic social and economic factors, rather than merely implementing technological fixes. This shift in perspective has profound implications for international development agendas, urging a move away from purely growth-oriented models towards more inclusive and resilient strategies that prioritize human well-being and planetary health in tandem.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 지속 가능한 개발에 대한 원래의 이해와 현대적 이해 사이의 핵심 차이점은 무엇인가?
A. A) 원래의 초점은 경제 성장에 있었던 반면, 현대의 초점은 오로지 환경 보호에만 있습니다.
B. B) 원래의 초점은 주로 환경적인 측면에 있었으나, 현대적 관점은 사회적·경제적 차원을 통합한다.
C. C) 현대적 관점은 원래 접근법과 달리 기술적 해결책의 필요성을 거부한다.
D. D) 현대적 관점은 원래 관점과 달리 현재 세대보다 미래 세대를 우선시한다.
✅ 正确答案
B) The original focus was mainly environmental, while the contemporary view integrates social and economic dimensions.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first