The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional design aims to manage this load to optimize learning. According to Sweller's cognitive load theory, learning is hindered when the intrinsic load (complexity of the material) and extraneous load (how the material is presented) exceed the learner's capacity. However, by reducing extraneous load through well-structured materials, educators can free up cognitive resources for deeper processing. Recent studies have shown that incorporating multimedia elements, such as diagrams and animations, can reduce extraneous load only if they are tightly integrated with the text, otherwise they may become a source of distraction. Thus, the effectiveness of multimedia depends not merely on its presence but on its coherence with the learning objectives.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 멀티미디어가 외재적 부하를 효과적으로 줄이기 위한 주요 조건은 무엇인가?
A. A. 멀티미디어 요소는 학습자에게 시각적으로 매력적이다.
B. B. 멀티미디어 요소는 텍스트 내용 및 학습 목표와 밀접하게 연계되어 있다.
C. C. 멀티미디어 요소는 교수 자료의 모든 부분에서 사용된다.
D. D. 멀티미디어 요소가 학습 자료의 모든 서면 텍스트를 대체한다.
✅ 正确答案
B. The multimedia elements are closely linked to the textual content and learning goals.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first