The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional design aims to manage this load to optimize learning. According to Sweller's cognitive load theory, learning is hindered when the intrinsic load (complexity of the material) and extraneous load (how the material is presented) exceed the learner's capacity. However, by reducing extraneous load through well-structured materials, educators can free up cognitive resources for deeper processing. Recent studies have shown that incorporating multimedia elements, such as diagrams and animations, can reduce extraneous load only if they are tightly integrated with the text, otherwise they may become a source of distraction. Thus, the effectiveness of multimedia depends not merely on its presence but on its coherence with the learning objectives.
❓ 本文によると、マルチメディアが外的負荷を効果的に軽減するための主な条件は何か。
A. A. マルチメディア要素は学習者にとって視覚的に魅力的である。
B. B. マルチメディア要素は、テキスト内容および学習目標と密接に関連している。
C. C. マルチメディア要素は、教材のあらゆる部分で使用されています。
D. D. マルチメディア要素が学習教材内のすべての文章を置き換える。
✅ 正确答案
B. The multimedia elements are closely linked to the textual content and learning goals.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first