雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of 'cultural intelligence' (CQ) has gained traction in organizational psychology as a complement to traditional measures of cognitive ability. Unlike IQ, which focuses on abstract reasoning, CQ encompasses the capability to function effectively across national, ethnic, and organizational cultures. Researchers argue that CQ comprises four distinct dimensions: metacognitive, cognitive, motivational, and behavioral. Metacognitive CQ refers to an individual's conscious awareness of cultural assumptions, while cognitive CQ involves knowledge of cultural norms and practices. Motivational CQ reflects the drive to adapt, and behavioral CQ pertains to the ability to exhibit appropriate verbal and nonverbal actions. Studies suggest that high CQ predicts success in cross-border negotiations and multicultural teamwork, even after controlling for personality traits. However, critics caution that CQ measurement often relies on self-report, which may be subject to social desirability bias, and that the construct overlaps significantly with emotional intelligence. Despite these debates, CQ training programs have been widely adopted in multinational corporations, aiming to enhance expatriate adjustment and global leadership performance.