The concept of 'environmental determinism' posits that human behavior and societal development are largely shaped by climatic and geographical conditions. While this theory gained prominence in the early 20th century, it has since been criticized for oversimplifying the complex interplay between nature and culture. Contemporary scholars argue that technological advancements and globalization have diminished the direct influence of environment on social structures. However, recent studies on climate change suggest that extreme weather events can still trigger migration patterns and economic shifts, indicating that environmental factors retain significant, albeit indirect, effects. Thus, a nuanced perspective acknowledges both the constraints imposed by physical environments and the adaptive capacity of human societies.
❓ Theo đoạn văn, quan điểm học thuật hiện nay về thuyết quyết định môi trường là gì?
A. Nó hoàn toàn bị bác bỏ do tiến bộ công nghệ.
B. Nó vẫn còn giá trị nhưng phải tính đến khả năng thích ứng của con người và các tác động gián tiếp.
C. Nó đã được thay thế bằng thuyết quyết định văn hóa.
D. Nó chỉ áp dụng cho các mô hình di cư.
✅ 正确答案
It remains valid but must account for human adaptability and indirect effects.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first