The concept of 'environmental determinism' posits that human behavior and societal development are largely shaped by climatic and geographical conditions. While this theory gained prominence in the early 20th century, it has since been criticized for oversimplifying the complex interplay between nature and culture. Contemporary scholars argue that technological advancements and globalization have diminished the direct influence of environment on social structures. However, recent studies on climate change suggest that extreme weather events can still trigger migration patterns and economic shifts, indicating that environmental factors retain significant, albeit indirect, effects. Thus, a nuanced perspective acknowledges both the constraints imposed by physical environments and the adaptive capacity of human societies.
❓ Según el pasaje, ¿cuál es la visión académica actual sobre el determinismo ambiental?
A. Se rechaza completamente debido al progreso tecnológico.
B. Sigue siendo válido, pero debe tener en cuenta la adaptabilidad humana y los efectos indirectos.
C. Ha sido reemplazado por el determinismo cultural.
D. Solo se aplica a los patrones de migración.
✅ 正确答案
It remains valid but must account for human adaptability and indirect effects.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
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