The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional design aims to manage this load to optimize learning. According to cognitive load theory, learning is hindered when the intrinsic complexity of the material, combined with the way it is presented, exceeds the learner's available working memory capacity. Extraneous cognitive load, which arises from poorly designed instruction, can be reduced by simplifying presentations and eliminating irrelevant information. However, germane load, which is the effort devoted to processing and understanding the material, should be encouraged. Recent studies suggest that adaptive learning technologies, which tailor the complexity of tasks to the learner's current level, can effectively balance these types of load, thereby enhancing both comprehension and retention. This has significant implications for curriculum development and the design of digital learning environments.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 교수 설계에서 외재적 인지 부하를 줄이는 주요 목적은 무엇인가?
A. 재료의 고유 복잡성을 증가시키기 위해
B. 효과적인 학습을 위해 작업 기억 용량을 확보하려면
C. 학습자들이 더 많은 무관한 정보를 처리하도록 장려하기 위해
D. 적응형 학습 기술의 필요성을 없애기 위해
✅ 正确答案
To free up working memory capacity for effective learning
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first