The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational contexts, instructional design aims to manage this load to optimize learning. According to cognitive load theory, learning is hindered when the intrinsic complexity of the material, combined with the way it is presented, exceeds the learner's cognitive capacity. Extraneous cognitive load, which is generated by poorly designed instruction, can be reduced by simplifying the presentation, whereas germane load, which contributes to learning, should be encouraged. Research has shown that breaking down complex tasks into smaller steps and using worked examples can significantly decrease extraneous load, allowing learners to focus on schema construction. However, over-simplification may lead to a reduction in germane load, as learners are not challenged enough to engage deeply with the material.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 교육 자료를 지나치게 단순화할 때의 잠재적 단점은 무엇인가?
A. 이는 불필요한 인지 부하를 증가시킵니다.
B. 이는 학습자의 작업 기억 용량을 감소시킨다.
C. 이는 관련 인지 부하를 감소시켜 깊은 몰입을 제한할 수 있습니다.
D. 작업된 예시의 사용을 방지합니다.
✅ 正确答案
It may decrease germane cognitive load, limiting deep engagement.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first