The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational contexts, instructional design aims to manage this load to optimize learning. According to cognitive load theory, learning is hindered when the intrinsic complexity of the material, combined with the way it is presented, exceeds the learner's cognitive capacity. Extraneous cognitive load, which is generated by poorly designed instruction, can be reduced by simplifying the presentation, whereas germane load, which contributes to learning, should be encouraged. Research has shown that breaking down complex tasks into smaller steps and using worked examples can significantly decrease extraneous load, allowing learners to focus on schema construction. However, over-simplification may lead to a reduction in germane load, as learners are not challenged enough to engage deeply with the material.
❓ 文章によると、教材を過度に簡略化することの潜在的な欠点は何ですか？
A. それは余計な認知的負荷を増加させる。
B. これにより、学習者の作業記憶容量が減少します。
C. 認知的負荷の関連性を減少させ、深い関与を制限する可能性があります。
D. 作業例の使用を防ぐ。
✅ 正确答案
It may decrease germane cognitive load, limiting deep engagement.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first