The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional designers often aim to manage cognitive load to optimize learning. According to Sweller's cognitive load theory, learning is hampered when the intrinsic load (complexity of the material) and extraneous load (how the material is presented) exceed the learner's working memory capacity. However, recent research suggests that a certain degree of desirable difficulty, such as interleaving practice or introducing spaced repetition, can actually enhance long-term retention, even though it may temporarily increase cognitive load. This paradox implies that the optimal level of mental effort is not always the lowest, but rather a balance that challenges learners without overwhelming them.
❓ Что говорится в отрывке о когнитивной нагрузке в процессе обучения?
A. A) Более низкая когнитивная нагрузка всегда приводит к лучшим результатам обучения.
B. B) Оптимальная когнитивная нагрузка может включать некоторые сложные элементы.
C. C) Внешняя нагрузка важнее внутренней нагрузки.
D. D) Объём рабочей памяти можно легко расширить с помощью практики.
✅ 正确答案
B) The optimal cognitive load may involve some challenging elements.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first