The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional designers often aim to manage cognitive load to optimize learning. According to Sweller's cognitive load theory, learning is hampered when the intrinsic load (complexity of the material) and extraneous load (how the material is presented) exceed the learner's working memory capacity. However, recent research suggests that a certain degree of desirable difficulty, such as interleaving practice or introducing spaced repetition, can actually enhance long-term retention, even though it may temporarily increase cognitive load. This paradox implies that the optimal level of mental effort is not always the lowest, but rather a balance that challenges learners without overwhelming them.
❓ 이 글은 학습에서 인지 부하에 대해 무엇을 시사하는가?
A. A) 인지 부하가 낮을수록 항상 더 나은 학습 결과로 이어진다.
B. B) 최적의 인지 부하는 어느 정도 도전적인 요소를 포함할 수 있다.
C. C) 외부 부하가 내재적 부하보다 더 중요하다.
D. D) 작업 기억 용량은 연습을 통해 쉽게 확장될 수 있다.
✅ 正确答案
B) The optimal cognitive load may involve some challenging elements.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first