The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational psychology, cognitive load theory suggests that learning is most effective when instructional designs align with human cognitive architecture. Intrinsic load is associated with the inherent difficulty of the material, while extraneous load is generated by the way information is presented. Germane load, on the other hand, contributes to the construction of schemas. Research indicates that reducing extraneous load, for instance by eliminating redundant visuals or simplifying instructions, can free up cognitive resources for deeper processing. However, over-simplification may sometimes hinder learning by omitting necessary contextual cues. Thus, educators must balance these types of load to optimize instructional efficiency.
❓ Según el pasaje, ¿cuál es el beneficio principal de reducir la carga extraña durante la instrucción?
A. A. Aumenta la dificultad intrínseca del material.
B. B. Permite disponer de más recursos mentales para una comprensión más profunda.
C. C. Elimina por completo la necesidad de ayudas visuales.
D. D. Mejora directamente la construcción de esquemas sin ningún tipo de compensación.
✅ 正确答案
B. It allows more mental resources for deeper understanding.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first