The concept of sustainable urban development has evolved significantly over the past decades, shifting from a focus on environmental protection to a more integrated approach that balances economic growth, social equity, and ecological resilience. Recent studies highlight that the success of sustainable cities depends not only on green infrastructure but also on community engagement and adaptive governance. For instance, cities that implement participatory budgeting for climate projects often see higher public compliance and long-term maintenance of green spaces. However, critics argue that without addressing underlying inequalities, such initiatives can exacerbate gentrification, displacing low-income residents. Therefore, a truly sustainable urban model must prioritize inclusive decision-making processes, ensuring that marginalized voices are heard in planning and policy implementation.
❓ Согласно тексту, что является ключевым фактором успеха устойчивого городского развития?
A. A. Исключительный акцент на зелёной инфраструктуре
B. B. Балансирование экономического роста с социальными и экологическими проблемами
C. C. Избегание участия сообщества для обеспечения эффективности
D. D. Реализация проектов без учета рисков перемещения населения
✅ 正确答案
B. Balancing economic growth with social and ecological concerns
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
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